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Latin Name |
English role |
Endings
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Demonstrative Pronouns |
Personal Pronouns |
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Sublative
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onto
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Vowel harmony
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This ending's primary meaning is "onto". Az asztalra tettem könyet .
I put the book onto the table.
It is also, however, one of the more common ends applied to show that an abstract concept applies to a noun.
This is the
movement towards member of the triad, applicable to
surfaces.
Compare to:
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Tett könyvet az asztalra.
He put a book onto the table.
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Aztán a könyv az asztalon volt.
Then the book was on the table.
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Azután, vitt könyvet az asztalról.
After that, he took a book from the table.
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Generally, flat surfaces use this triad: table, street, face, etc.
Most Hungarian cities and Hungary itself use this case:
- Budapestre megyek. I am going to Budapest.
- Budapesten vagyok. I am in Budapest.
- Budapestről jövök. I am coming from Budapest.
- Magyarországról vagyok. I am from Hungary (i.e. I am Hungarian).
Additionally, abstract concepts such as thought or memory using this ending:
- jól esett, hogy gondoltál rám!
it was great that you thought of me (lit. very well it fell that you thought into me).
- emlékszik erre?
does he remember this?
- emlékszel rám?
do you remember me?
- házra gondolok.
I think about a house.
- hasonlítok az apámra.
I look like my father
- a kilátás az erkélyről nagyon szép: a tóra és a kertre nézek.
the view from the balcony is very beautiful: I can see the lake and the garden.
This ending is also used to mean for or to:
- Ági jár angolra.
Ági goes to English (lesson).
- Én minden nap edzésre járok.
Every day I go to training.
- Mit akarsz ebédre?
What do you want for dinner?
- Hány személyre kellene? Két személyre.
For how many people do you need (the hotel room)? For two people.
- Mennyibe kerül egy napra?
How must does it cost for one day?
The -ra/re ending is used to express duration of time. Depending on whether the
action is future or past, and on whether the action the performed in this duration is dynamic (go, run, etc)
or static (be, exist), will determine which ending you use.
The other temporal endings are [-ja/je] and [-ig].
When expressing a duration, and the verb is dynamic, use -ra/re.
- Két hétre Londonba küldtek.
They sent me to London for two weeks.
- Két hónapra mentünk Londonba.
We went to London for 2 months.
- Mennyi időre?
For how long? (c.f. meddig? Until when?)
- Hány napra?
How many days (duration)?
When we use a static verb, we use [-ig].
The use of -ra/re with ennyi/annyi
(this amount/that amount) gives a very subtle effect.
The -re on ennyi is used when we're following with an adjective.
The "amount" sense of ennyi
is then applied to the adjective, not to the noun.
NB when we follow ennyi with an adjective that is
really part of a noun, such as red wine
(really, that this as redwine)
or brown bread (=brownbread)
then we do not usually use -re.
If we use -re,
then we mean that the ennyi applies to the amount of the ADJECTIVE
applicable to the noun, as above, whereas we probably meant to say
this much red wine.... and not
this much redness in wine....
ennyi barna kenyér nem jó
This amount of brown bread is not good.
There the ennyi talks about the amount of the bread.
ennyire barna kenyér nem jó
This amount of brownness in the bread is not good
Here the ennyi is talking about the amount of brownness that the bread possesses.
ennyi vörös bor nem elég de annyi sör elég
This much red wine is not enough, but that much white wine is enough.
Here, the "amount" is of the whole noun (red wine).
ennyire nagy hassal nem jöhetsz be
With such a large stomach you may not come in.
Here the ennyi, because of the -re, is talking about the
nagy: the amount of
largeness that the stomach possesess.
ennyit sose gondolkodtam
I have never thought such an amount (e.g. thought so much that one's brain hurts)
ennyi kenyér nem elég
this amount of bread is not enough
ennyire kevés nem elég
this little (amount of) bread is not enough
ennyire nagy ház nem fér itt el
this size of house does not fit here
Annyira tipikusan angol arcod van [, és kedvelem a kék szemedet és szőke hajadat.]
You have such a typically English face [, and I fancy your blue eyes and blonde hair]
Here, the -ra in annyira makes the "amount" apply to the Englishness of my face.